A road – highest class of classified road, and top tier of the roads classification system. They are identified by the local highway authority (where they are not in the SRN) and approved by the Secretary of State. Each A road is given a unique identifying number from a list maintained by the Department for Transport. A primary route does not need to go to the heart of the primary destination, although the authority may continue the route into a town or city centre if they wish. If the primary route does not continue to the heart of the destination, an authority may wish to provide further signing to assist those for whom the destination represents the end of their journey. The symbol printed at the end of a proof is called the “QED symbol”. To quote the meaning of QED from Wikipedia:

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Changes to roads classification do not require public consultation or advertisement, and local authorities do not traditionally do so. An authority is free to use such measures should they wish. Classification and future development

Local Highway Authority (LHA) – the owner of adopted roads in a given area, with legal obligations with regard to maintenance and management. In England, depending on the roads in question, this will be either the county council, the unitary authority, the metropolitan district council, the London borough or Transport for London. The LHA is not responsible for the SRN, as this is owned by the Secretary of State for Transport and operated by the National Highways (known in this context as the National Authority), which performs the functions that would elsewhere be carried out by the LHA. All signing of road classifications and numbering should be carried out in accordance with the DfT’s Traffic Signs Manual and successor documents. Road numbering The appeals process is intended to focus primarily on procedural matters, such as where an authority has failed to properly consult neighbouring authorities before making a significant change. It is important that roads classification is consistent from one authority to another. A road should not change its classification solely because of a change of jurisdiction.

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Today the organisation of the PRN in Scotland and Wales is a devolved matter. It is nevertheless important that the PRN connects together to form a unified network, so cooperation remains important. Where an authority wishes to make a significant change to a primary route, they must consult the other highway authorities along the route about changes that may affect them. Where changes will have an impact on the SRN (directly or in terms of signing), or the network for the movement of abnormal loads, the authority should first consult the NH. A primary route must work as a single entity, even though it will often cross a number of jurisdictions in the process. The aim of a primary route is to ensure that traffic has a clear path between two primary destinations. Significant changes should be agreed between all of the authorities responsible for managing the primary route, to ensure consistency. In some cases, this will include the National Highways. RHS Digital Collections | View | ‘The Account Book of Lancelot Brown ‘Capability’ Brown, the great landscape gardener of Fenstanton, Hants’

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The PRN is constructed from a series of locations (primary destinations) selected by the Department for Transport, which are then linked by roads (primary routes) selected by the local highway authority. When reclassifying a road across a local authority boundary, any changes will need to be agreed by both authorities. Although the formal administration can be carried out by one authority, the change should be implemented by both parties simultaneously. If agreement cannot be reached, the change should not go ahead. Where necessary, measures to avoid any confusion among motorists (e.g. recommended alternative routes for heavy vehicles) should also be put in place. Secondary road – roads that are not principal roads – ie B roads, classified unnumbered roads and unclassified roads. Road types - unofficial Where there is a dispute, the department will expect interested parties to attempt to reconcile the matter through discussion at a local level. The highway authority can be expected to provide justification for its changes:

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As originally conceived, these four classes form a hierarchy. Large volumes of traffic and traffic travelling long distances should be using higher classes of road; smaller amounts of traffic travelling at lower speeds over shorter distances should be using lower classes of road. Guidance for classifying a road is available. The entirety of the strategic road network forms part of the PRN. For these roads, the highway authority is the National Highways. Roads running through 2 or more local highway authorities should be treated in a consistent manner, and should not change classification at the boundary without a clear reason ( paragraphs 3.13-3.18). Any changes to the classification of such roads must be agreed between the authorities involved, including those which cross into Wales or Scotland. A local highway authority is responsible for any costs incurred in the creation of a new primary route, including the replacement of signs and the strengthening of bridges and other highway structures where necessary. Consultation with affected authorities an unclassified road will generally have very low significance to traffic, and be of only very local importance.Roads classification exists to ensure that there is a feasible, logical road network throughout the country. Roads classifications should be set to reflect the ways in which a community links to the wider world. It can also take into account the traffic management goals and road categorisation approach of the local highway authority. There is no minimum capacity associated with any particular class of road, nor is there any requirement for a particular traffic management measure to be applied to a particular class of road. These classifications, together with any attendant numberings, should exist on a provisional basis only. Changes should not be made to the National Street Gazetteer, and surrounding roads should not change their classification until the provisional road is complete. The standard form for classification changes contains an option for provisional classifications - and a copy should be kept for the authority’s internal records. There is no need to inform the Ordnance Survey or any other organisation.

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Unclassified road – fourth and lowest class of classified road in the classification system. If not stated otherwise, roads are assumed to be unclassified. No number is officially associated with an unclassified road, although the local highway authority is entitled to develop its own methods to identify it. A fibration is a mapping between two topological spaces that has the homotopy lifting property for every space \( X \). must keep records and inform the National Street Gazetteer, Ordnance Survey and the department of any changesThe PRN links together the whole of England, including areas that do not contain significant population. Outside of national parks, few places in England are more than ten miles from a primary route. A motorist making a regional or national journey should therefore be able to make all but the start and finish of their journey using the PRN should they wish. The list of primary destinations in England can be found in Annex A. The Department for Transport is responsible for maintaining and updating the list. Definition of a primary route The department will continue to monitor the length of different road categories in each local authority area for statistical reasons, and to identify significant changes that could trigger intervention on behalf of the Secretary of State. Consultation with the general public